Constitution of India - Hindi 1.7.1

The Constitution of India is the supreme law of the country. It is a comprehensive document encompassing fundamental political principles, the framework of government institutions, and the rights and duties of citizens. Notably, it is considered the longest written constitution among all sovereign nations globally. The governance of India is anchored in its provisions, with B. R. Ambedkar revered as its principal architect.

The constitutional setup in India establishes supremacy through the constitution itself rather than parliamentary authority, having been formulated not by the Parliament but by a constituent assembly representing the people. One of its distinguishing features is the inability of Parliament to override its provisions.

Adopted by the Constituent Assembly on 26th November 1949, the Constitution officially came into effect on 26th January 1950. This marked the transformation of the Union of India into the Republic of India, supplanting the Government of India Act, 1935, as the foundational governing statute. To affirm indigenous origin, the constitution's framers annulled previous British Acts of Parliament via Article 395. The annual celebration of this momentous occasion on 26th January is observed as Republic Day in India.

The Constitution proclaims India as a sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic republic committed to ensuring justice, equality, liberty and fostering a sense of fraternity among its citizenry.